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Gates are control facilities used to close and open drainage channels. An important component of hydraulic structures, which can be used to intercept water flow, control water level, regulate flow rate, discharge sediment and floating debris, etc. A gate generally consists of three parts: the movable part (also known as the gate leaf), the buried part, and the opening and closing mechanism. The door leaf includes: load-bearing structure, walking support, support arm, hinge, water stop device, lifting ear, etc. The buried part includes: track, hinge seat, water stop seat, corner guard, etc. The commonly used opening and closing machinery includes: winch type, hydraulic type, screw type, and mobile type. There are many methods for classifying gates, mainly including: ① According to the working nature of gates, they can be divided into working gates, maintenance gates, and emergency gates. The working gate, also known as the main gate, can be opened and closed in flowing water. The maintenance gate is located in front of the working gate. Used for short-term water blocking during maintenance of buildings or work gates, usually opened and closed in still water. Accident gates are often located in front of deep hole working gates and are used to close in moving water and open in still water when accidents occur in buildings or equipment; When used as a maintenance gate, it is also known as an accident maintenance gate; The emergency gate that needs to be closed urgently within a limited time is called a fast gate According to the relative position between the top of the gate and the water surface when the gate is closed, it is divided into open top gate and down the hole gate According to the appearance and shape of the gate leaf, it can be divided into flat gate, arc-shaped gate, herringbone gate, arched gate, spherical gate, and cylindrical gate According to the materials used to manufacture the gate blades, they are divided into steel gates, cast iron copper inlaid gates, wooden gates, reinforced concrete gates, and composite material gates. In addition, some gates such as flap gates can be opened and closed automatically by hydraulic power, known as hydraulic automatic gates. The selection of gate form needs to consider factors such as its position, size, design head, operating conditions, manufacturing capacity, and installation technology level in hydraulic structures. It is required to achieve good water flow conditions, tight water stop, low opening and closing force, easy and flexible operation, and convenient maintenance during discharge. Flat gates and radial gates are the most commonly used types of gates. In working gates, large exposed top gates and high head down the hole gates often use radial gates, while in ship locks, herringbone gates and transverse pull gates are commonly used. Maintenance gates and emergency gates generally use flat gates. The material used to manufacture gate leaves in modern times is mostly steel, while reinforced concrete is often used as a sealing gate that needs to close the construction diversion bottom hole by its own weight. In addition, the control facilities used in pressure pipelines, which are composed of door leaves, shells, and opening and closing machinery, are commonly known as valves.

Gates are installed on the openings of spillway dams, shore spillways, spillway holes, hydraulic tunnels, and water gates to regulate flow, control upstream and downstream water levels, release floods, and remove sediment or floating debris. They are an important component of hydraulic structures.